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HTML : Frontend Development Interview Questions

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and design the structure of web pages. It uses tags to define elements like headings, paragraphs, links, and images.

HTML tags are the building blocks of HTML. They are used to enclose content and provide meaning to it. Tags typically come in pairs: an opening tag (e.g., <p>) and a closing tag (e.g., </p>).

Block-level elements (e.g., <div>, <h1>) start on a new line and take up the full width available, whereas inline elements (e.g., <span>, <a>) do not start on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary.

The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type and version of HTML being used, which helps the browser render the page correctly.

Semantic HTML tags provide meaning to the content they enclose. Examples include <article>, <section>, <header>, and <footer>. These tags help improve accessibility and SEO.

A hyperlink is created using the <a> tag. The href attribute specifies the destination URL.

Example: 

<a href="https://www.example.com">Click here</a>

<div> is a block-level element used to group content, while <span> is an inline element used to style parts of text within a block.

The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document, such as the character set, page description, keywords, and author. It is placed within the <head> section.

 An image is embedded using the <img> tag with the src attribute pointing to the image's URL. 

Example: 

<img src="image.jpg" alt="description">

The <head> section contains meta-information, title, and links to scripts and stylesheets, while the <body> section contains the actual content displayed on the page.

A table is created using the <table> tag, with rows defined by <tr> and cells by <td>.

Example:

<table>

  <tr>

    <td>Cell 1</td>

    <td>Cell 2</td>

  </tr>

</table>

To combine multiple rows or columns into a single cell in an HTML table, we use the rowspan and colspan attributes within the <td> (table data) tag.

Merging Rows:

<td rowspan="2">Merged two rows</td>

Merging Columns:

<td colspan="2">Merged two columns</td>

<ul> creates an unordered list (bulleted), <ol> creates an ordered list (numbered), and <li> defines a list item.

An HTML form is used to collect user input and send it to a server for processing. It is created using the <form> tag, with input fields defined by tags like <input>, <textarea>, and <select>.

A dropdown list is created using the <select> tag with <option> tags for the available choices. 

Example:

<select>

  <option value="1">Option 1</option>

  <option value="2">Option 2</option>

</select>

The alt attribute provides alternative text for an image if it cannot be displayed. It also improves accessibility and SEO.

A checkbox is created using the <input> tag with the type="checkbox" attribute.

Example: 
<input type="checkbox" name="option1" value="1">

Yes, You Can Nest Web Pages, Using the <iframe> tag, you can embed an entire webpage within another webpage. This is often referred to as creating a nested webpage.

<iframe src="https://www.example.com" width="600" height="300"></iframe>

A radio button is created using the <input> tag with type="radio". Multiple radio buttons with the same name attribute are grouped together, allowing only one to be selected. 

Example:

<input type="radio" name ="Any_name"/>

The action attribute specifies the URL where the form data will be sent for processing, while the method attribute defines how the data will be sent (GET or POST).

HTML comments are added using <!-- comment -->. The content within the comment tags will not be displayed in the browser.

To optimize website load time we need to optimize its asset loading and for that:

  • CDN hosting - A CDN or content delivery network is geographically distributed servers to help reduce latency.
  • File compression - This is a method that helps to reduce the size of an asset to reduce the data transfer
  • File concatenation - This reduces the number of HTTP calls
  • Minify scripts - This reduces the overall file size of js and CSS files
  • Parallel downloads - Hosting assets in multiple subdomains can help to bypass the download limit of 6 assets per domain of all modern browsers. This can be configured but most general users never modify these settings.
  • Lazy Loading - Instead of loading all the assets at once, the non-critical assets can be loaded on a need basis.

Collapsing white space is a feature in HTML where multiple consecutive white space characters (spaces, tabs, newlines) are treated as a single space character by the browser.

This offers several benefits: 

  • Improved Readability
  • Reduced File Size
  • Consistent Rendering
  • Developer Convenience

The <img> tag is for embedding images, while the <figure> tag is for grouping related content, which can include images, but also other elements like captions, code snippets, or diagrams. Using <figure> improves the semantic structure of your HTML and makes your content more accessible to search engines and assistive technologies.

An image map is a clickable image that allows different parts of the image to link to different destinations.  

Think of it as a static image with interactive hotspots. When a user clicks on a specific area of the image, they are taken to a different webpage or section within the same page.  

How it works:

  • HTML <img> tag: The image itself is embedded using the <img> tag, with a special attribute called usemap to link the image to a map.
  • HTML <map> tag: Defines the image map and contains one or more <area> tags.
  • HTML <area> tag: Defines clickable areas within the image map. It specifies the shape of the area (rect, circle, poly, or default), coordinates, and the link URL.  
Example:

<img src="image.jpg" usemap="#myMap" alt="Image Map">

<map name="myMap">

  <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,100,50" href="page1.html" alt="Top Left">

<area shape="circle" coords="150,150,50" href="page2.html" alt="Center">

</map>

To insert a copyright symbol (©) in HTML, use the entity code &copy;

Example:

<p>Copyright &copy Your Name or Company</p>

If there's no text content between HTML tags, the element will still exist in the document structure but will be visually empty.

 The alt attribute in HTML provides alternative text for an image. It's crucial for accessibility and search engine optimization (SEO).  

Purpose of the alt attribute:
  • Accessibility: Screen readers use the alt text to describe the image to visually impaired users.
  • SEO: Search engines use the alt text to understand the image content and improve search rankings.
  • Error Handling: If the image fails to load, the alt text is displayed as a placeholder.

There are three primary methods to incorporate CSS styles into your HTML document:

  • Inline Styles
  • Internal Stylesheet
  • External Stylesheet

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the foundational language for creating web pages. It defines the structure of content on a webpage using tags.  

HTML5 is the latest version of HTML, built upon the foundation of its predecessors.

It introduced significant enhancements and new features to make web development more efficient and interactive.  



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